Propuesta de indicadores para la selección de atletas en poomsae para el alto rendimiento. Validación práctica

La investigación propuesta, en el área de selección de talentos en el alto rendimiento, específicamente en la modalidad de poomsae, en su evento free style, representa un estudio estratégico, pues se encontraron limitaciones en el proceso de selección en dicha modalidad deportiva. Por lo que este trabajo presentó como objetivo evaluar los indicadores técnicos para la selección de atletas con respecto a la modalidad de poomsae en su evento free style. Esta selección se realiza acorde con las exigencias reglamentarias competitivas actuales, aplicadas por la Federación Mundial de este deporte. Se utilizaron métodos de nivel teórico inductivo-deductivo, analítico-sintético, así como histórico y del nivel empírico, la revisión documental y la medición. Se midieron los ángulos de los indicadores propuestos, a través del software biomecánico Kinovea. La técnica estadística utilizada fue el procesador estadístico SPSS 20. Se definieron y evaluaron de forma práctica los indicadores flexibilidad (splits central, lateral izquierdo, lateral derecho) con una media de 10.25 puntos; técnicas de pateo (pateos básicos, mantención, pateos con giro en el aire) con resultados de media de 2.5; 1,9 y 1.87 puntos; saltos acrobáticos (saltos en horcajadas, saltos en splits izquierdo, saltos en splits derecho) y los elementos acrobáticos con resultados de media de 8.69 y 2.21 puntos, para el proceso de selección de las escuelas de iniciación deportiva escolar en la modalidad de poomsae en su evento free style.

A pesquisa proposta, na área de seleção de talentos no alto rendimento, especificamente na modalidade poomsae, em sua prova de estilo livre, representa um estudo estratégico, uma vez que foram encontradas limitações no processo de seleção na referida modalidade esportiva. Portanto, este trabalho apresentou o objetivo de avaliar os indicadores técnicos para seleção de atletas no que diz respeito à modalidade poomsae em sua prova de estilo livre. Esta seleção é feita de acordo com os requisitos regulamentares competitivos em vigor, aplicados pela Federação Mundial desta modalidade. Foram utilizados métodos de nível teórico indutivo-dedutivo, analítico-sintético, bem como de nível histórico e empírico, revisão documental e mensuração. Os ângulos dos indicadores propostos foram medidos através do software biomecânico Kinovea. A técnica estatística utilizada foi o processador estatístico SPSS 20. Os indicadores de flexibilidade (abertura central, lateral esquerda, lateral direita) foram definidos e avaliados de forma prática com média de 10,25 pontos; técnicas de chutes (chutes básicos, segurar, chutes com giro no ar) com resultados médios de 2,5; 1,9 e 1,87 pontos; saltos acrobáticos (saltos de passada, saltos divididos à esquerda, saltos divididos à direita) e elementos acrobáticos com resultados médios de 8,69 e 2,21 pontos, para o processo seletivo das escolas de iniciação esportiva escolar na modalidade poomsae em sua prova de estilo livre.

The proposed research, in the area of talent selection in high performance, specifically in the poomsae modality in its free style event, represents a strategic study, since limitations were found in the selection process in said sporting modality. Therefore, this work presented the objective of evaluating the technical indicators for the selection of athletes with respect to the poomsae modality in its free style event. This selection is made in accordance with the current competitive regulatory requirements, applied by the World Federation of this sport. Theoretical level methods like inductive-deductive, analytical-synthetic and historical were used and from the empirical level, documentary review and measurement, and the angles of the proposed indicators were measured through the Kinovea biomechanical software. The statistical technique used was the SPSS 20 statistical processor. There were defined and evaluated in a practical way the indicators of flexibility (central, left lateral, right lateral splits ) with an average of 10.25 points; kicking techniques (basic kicks, holding, kicks with spin in the air) with average results of 2.5; 1.9 and 1.87 points; acrobatic jumps (stride jumps, left split jumps , right split jumps ) and acrobatic elements with average results of 8.69 and 2.21 points, for the selection process of school sports initiation schools in the poomsae modality in their free style event .

Introgression of bacterial leaf blight (BLB) resistant gene, Xa7 into MARDI elite variety, MR219 by marker assisted backcrossing (MABC) approach / Introdução do gene resistente à ferragem da folha bacteriana (BLB), xa7 na variedade MARDI elite, MR219 por abordagem de backcrossing assistida por marcador (MABC)

Abstract Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) is one of the major rice diseases in Malaysia. This disease causes substantial yield loss as high as 70%. Development of rice varieties which inherited BLB resistant traits is a crucial approach to promote and sustain rice industry in Malaysia. Hence, this study aims were to enhance BLB disease resistant characters of high yielding commercial variety MR219 through backcross breeding approach with supporting tool of marker-assisted selection (MAS). Broad spectrum BLB resistance gene, Xa7 from donor parent IRBB7 were introgressed into the susceptible MR219 (recurrent parent) using two flanking markers ID7 and ID15. At BC3F4, we managed to generate 19 introgressed lines with homozygous Xa7 gene and showed resistant characteristics as donor parent when it was challenged with Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae through artificial inoculation. Recurrent parent MR219 and control variety, MR263 were found to be severely infected by the disease. The improved lines exhibited similar morphological and yield performance characters as to the elite variety, MR219. Two lines, PB-2-107 and PB-2-34 were chosen to be potential lines because of their outstanding performances compared to parent, MR219. This study demonstrates a success story of MAS application in development of improved disease resistance lines of rice against BLB disease.

Resumo A mancha bacteriana das folhas (BLB) é uma das principais doenças do arroz na Malásia. Essa doença causa perdas substanciais de rendimento de até 70%. O desenvolvimento de variedades de arroz que herdaram características de resistência ao BLB é uma abordagem crucial para promover e sustentar a indústria do arroz na Malásia. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi aumentar os caracteres BLB resistentes a doenças da variedade comercial MR219 de alto rendimento por meio de uma abordagem de cruzamento retrocruzamento com ferramenta de apoio de seleção assistida por marcador (MAS). O gene de resistência a BLB de amplo espectro, Xa7 do pai doador IRBB7, foi introgressado no MR219 suscetível (pai recorrente) usando dois marcadores flanqueadores ID7 e ID15. No BC3F4, conseguimos gerar 19 linhagens introgressadas com o gene Xa7 homozigoto e apresentamos características de resistência como genitor doador quando desafiado com Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae por inoculação artificial. O pai recorrente MR219 e a variedade controle, MR263, estavam gravemente infectados pela doença. As linhas melhoradas exibiram características morfológicas e de desempenho de rendimento semelhantes às da variedade elite, MR219. Duas linhas, PB-2-107 e PB-2-34, foram escolhidas como linhas potenciais por causa de seus desempenhos excelentes em comparação com a mãe, MR219. Este estudo demonstra uma história de sucesso de aplicação de MAS no desenvolvimento de linhas de arroz melhoradas com resistência a doenças contra a doença BLB.

Introgression of bacterial leaf blight (BLB) resistant gene, Xa7 into MARDI elite variety, MR219 by marker assisted backcrossing (MABC) approach

Abstract Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) is one of the major rice diseases in Malaysia. This disease causes substantial yield loss as high as 70%. Development of rice varieties which inherited BLB resistant traits is a crucial approach to promote and sustain rice industry in Malaysia. Hence, this study aims were to enhance BLB disease resistant characters of high yielding commercial variety MR219 through backcross breeding approach with supporting tool of marker-assisted selection (MAS). Broad spectrum BLB resistance gene, Xa7 from donor parent IRBB7 were introgressed into the susceptible MR219 (recurrent parent) using two flanking markers ID7 and ID15. At BC3F4, we managed to generate 19 introgressed lines with homozygous Xa7 gene and showed resistant characteristics as donor parent when it was challenged with Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae through artificial inoculation. Recurrent parent MR219 and control variety, MR263 were found to be severely infected by the disease. The improved lines exhibited similar morphological and yield performance characters as to the elite variety, MR219. Two lines, PB-2-107 and PB-2-34 were chosen to be potential lines because of their outstanding performances compared to parent, MR219. This study demonstrates a success story of MAS application in development of improved disease resistance lines of rice against BLB disease.

Resumo A mancha bacteriana das folhas (BLB) é uma das principais doenças do arroz na Malásia. Essa doença causa perdas substanciais de rendimento de até 70%. O desenvolvimento de variedades de arroz que herdaram características de resistência ao BLB é uma abordagem crucial para promover e sustentar a indústria do arroz na Malásia. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi aumentar os caracteres BLB resistentes a doenças da variedade comercial MR219 de alto rendimento por meio de uma abordagem de cruzamento retrocruzamento com ferramenta de apoio de seleção assistida por marcador (MAS). O gene de resistência a BLB de amplo espectro, Xa7 do pai doador IRBB7, foi introgressado no MR219 suscetível (pai recorrente) usando dois marcadores flanqueadores ID7 e ID15. No BC3F4, conseguimos gerar 19 linhagens introgressadas com o gene Xa7 homozigoto e apresentamos características de resistência como genitor doador quando desafiado com Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae por inoculação artificial. O pai recorrente MR219 e a variedade controle, MR263, estavam gravemente infectados pela doença. As linhas melhoradas exibiram características morfológicas e de desempenho de rendimento semelhantes às da variedade elite, MR219. Duas linhas, PB-2-107 e PB-2-34, foram escolhidas como linhas potenciais por causa de seus desempenhos excelentes em comparação com a mãe, MR219. Este estudo demonstra uma história de sucesso de aplicação de MAS no desenvolvimento de linhas de arroz melhoradas com resistência a doenças contra a doença BLB.

Adaptación al español del Ideal Partner and Relationship Scale (IPRS): evidencias sobre propiedades psicométricas

Introducción: Los estudios de preferencias de pareja han crecido ampliamente alrededor del mundo en los últimos años; no obstante, las pruebas psicológicas utilizadas en esta área no han sido adecuadamente adaptadas a contextos hispanohablantes. En esta investigación se adaptó al español una de las pruebas más frecuentemente usadas en el campo de la selección sexual humana: Ideal Partner and Relationship Scale (IPRS). Método: Se implementaron los siguientes procedimientos: (1) Traducción por pares, (2) Evaluación por expertos, (3) Aplicación inicial/validación (149 participantes), (4) Análisis de propiedades psicométricas, (5) Análisis confirmatorios con una muestra independiente (247 participantes). Resultados: Los análisis de las propiedades psicométricas de la prueba IPRS (español), indican que el instrumento conserva una estabilidad similar a la versión inglesa. En la estructura interna se conserva una solución factorial de cinco dimensiones de preferencia: atractivo físico, calidez y confianza, estatus y recursos, inteligencia y habilidades sociales. Además, los indicadores de confiabilidad demuestran una consistencia interna y estabilidad temporal sobresaliente. Por último, los patrones de preferencia de los participantes revelan similitudes con lo reportado en investigaciones transculturales semejantes. Conclusiones: Las sobresalientes propiedades referidas a la evidencia reportada en este estudio, llevan a considerar que la adaptación de la prueba IPRS al español fue exitosa, como resultado del seguimiento de protocolos estrictos de validación.

Introduction: Mate preference studies have been growing worldwide in recent years; however, the psychological tests used in this area have not been adequately adapted to Spanish-speaking contexts. This study aims to adapt to Spanish one of the most frequently used tests in human sexual selection: Ideal Partner and Relationship Scale (IPRS). Method: The adaptation included the following procedures: (1) Translation by peers; (2) Evaluation by experts; (3) Initial application / Validation (149 participants); (4) Analysis of psychometric properties; and (5) Confirmatory analysis from an independent sample (247 participants). Results: We proceeded to create the final version of the test in Spanish through the information collected. The analysis of the psychometric properties of the IPRS test indicates that the instrument retains stability and consistency similar to the original English version. This new version conserved the factorial structure, which includes five preference dimensions (physical attractiveness, warmth and trust, status and resources, intelligence, and social skills). Similarly, reliability indicators demonstrate good internal and temporal stability. Finally, the participant's preference patterns are equivalent to what has been reported in cross-cultural mate research. Conclusions: The good properties of the collected evidence led to the conclusion that the adaptation of the Spanish IPRS test was successful, as a result of strict validation protocols.

Análisis de Datos Antropométricos y Madurativos para la Selección de Talentos en Voleibol / Analysis of Anthropometric and Maturational Data for Talents Selection in Volleyball

El proceso madurativo tiene una gran influencia sobre los factores antropométricos y las capacidades físicas del atleta, y por tanto, sobre el proceso de selección de talentos deportivos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar el estado madurativo y las características antropométricas junto con la comparación de estos datos por sexo en una muestra de 39 jugadores jóvenes de voleibol dentro de un proceso de selección de talentos (19 damas de 14,88±1,05 años y 13 varones de 15,1 años). Se obtuvieron datos de edad cronológica, altura, peso, altura sentado, altura de la madre y padre, la edad pico de crecimiento, el "timing" o periodo de tiempo por encima o por debajo de la edad pico, altura al final del proceso madurativo, el porcentaje actual de altura máxima, los centímetros restantes y el estado madurativo (pre-púber, púber o pos-púber). Los jugadores mostraron una mayor altura en el momento de las mediciones (179,92±6,87 vs 171,05±4,80; p<0,001), así como una mayor altura final calculada (189,46±3,73 vs 178,52±5,17; p<0,001), en comparación a las jugadoras. El pico en la velocidad de crecimiento también fue superior en los jugadores (14,56±0,44 vs 12,60±0,57; p<0,001), aunque su timing era inferior al de las jugadoras (0,531±1,19 vs 2,27±0,64; p<0,001). Esto se debió a un mayor porcentaje de jugadores masculinos en estados puberales, incluyendo un jugador en estadio pre-puberal, mientras que fue abundante la presencia de jugadoras en estado pospuberal. Estos datos reflejan la gran cantidad de jugadores que tienden a estar en periodos avanzados de maduración en procesos de selección de talentos. Por tanto, entrenadores y seleccionadores deben contemplar estas variables para evitar sesgos en el proceso de identificación del talento deportivo.

SUMMARY: The maturation process has a great influence on the anthropometric factors and physical capabilities of the athlete, and therefore, on the selection process of sporting talents. The objective of this work was to analyze the maturational state and anthropometric characteristics together with the comparison of these data by sex in a sample of 39 young volleyball players within a talent selection process (19 ladies of 14.88±1. 05 years old and 13 males aged 15.1 years). Data were obtained on chronological age, height, weight, sitting height, height of the mother and father, peak age of growth, timing or period of time above or below the peak age, height at the end of the process. maturation, the current percentage of maximum height, the remaining centimeters and the maturation status (pre-pubertal, pubertal or post-pubertal). The players showed a greater height at the time of the measurements (179.92±6.87 vs. 171.05±4.80; p<0.001), as well as a greater final calculated height (189.46±3.73 vs. 178.52±5.17; p<0.001), compared to the female players. The peak in growth speed was also higher in male players (14.56±0.44 vs 12.60±0.57; p<0.001), although their timing was lower than that of female players (0.531±1.19 vs 2.27±0.64; p<0.001). This was due to a higher percentage of male players in pubertal states, including one player in a pre-pubertal stage, while the presence of female players in a post-pubertal stage was abundant. These data reflect the large number of players who tend to be in advanced periods of maturation in talent selection processes. Therefore, coaches and selectors must consider these variables to avoid biases in the process of identifying sporting talent.

Caracterização epidemiológica e causas da não doação por potenciais doadores de órgãos em morte encefálica / Epidemiological characterization and causes of non-donation by potential brain-dead organ donors / Caracterización epidemiológica y causas de la no donación de potenciales donantes de órganos en muerte cerebral

Objetivo: analisar as características epidemiológicas e causas da não efetivação do processo de doação de órgãos e tecidos de potenciais doadores em morte encefálica. Método: estudo transversal, com dados secundários do ano de 2019, obtidos de formulários de notificação de morte encefálica de pacientes com idade igual e superior a 18 anos, analisados descritiva e inferencialmente, após aprovação pelo comitê de ética. Resultados: notificadas 231 mortes encefálicas, com maior incidência de pessoas do sexo masculino, idade média de 48 anos e notificações dos hospitais públicos. Em Campo Grande, Mato grosso do Sul, observou-se maior número de notificações e o menor tempo entre a notificação e o primeiro exame clínico (RR: 4,01; IC 2,17-7,41; p<0,001). Entre os casos de não doação, 75,8% ocorreram por contraindicação médica e recusa familiar. Conclusão: houve predomínio de adultos jovens, não doadores de órgãos, cuja negativa da família deu-se pela vontade de manter o corpo íntegro.

Objective: to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and causes of non-completion of the organ and tissue donation process from potential brain-dead donors. Method: cross-sectional study, with secondary data from 2019, obtained from brain death notification forms of patients aged 18 years and over, analyzed descriptively and inferentially, after approval by the ethics committee. Results: 231 brain deaths were reported, with a higher incidence of males, average age of 48 years and notifications from public hospitals. In Campo Grande, Mato grosso do Sul, Brazil, there was a greater number of notifications and a shorter time between notification and the first clinical examination (RR: 4.01; CI 2.17-7.41; p<0.001). Among cases of non-donation, 75.8% occurred due to medical contraindication and family refusal. Conclusion: there was a predominance of young adults, non-organ donors, whose family's refusal was due to the desire to keep the body intact.

Objetivo: analizar las características epidemiológicas y las causas de la no finalización del proceso de donación de órganos y tejidos de potenciales donantes en muerte cerebral. Método: estudio transversal, con datos secundarios del año 2019, obtenidos de formularios de notificación de muerte encefálica de pacientes de 18 años y más, analizados de manera descriptiva e inferencial, previa aprobación del comité de ética. Resultados: Se reportaron 231 muertes encefálicas, con mayor incidencia de hombres, edad promedio de 48 años y notificaciones de los hospitales públicos. En Campo Grande, Mato grosso do Sul, hubo mayor número de notificaciones y menor tiempo entre la notificación y el primer examen clínico (RR: 4,01; IC 2,17-7,41; p<0,001). Entre los casos de no donación, el 75,8% se produjo por contraindicación médica y negativa familiar. Conclusión: hubo predominio de adultos jóvenes, no donantes de órganos, cuya negativa familiar se debió al deseo de mantener el cuerpo íntegro.

Resultados del aislamiento eléctrico de las venas pulmonares en pacientes menores y mayores de 70 años / Outcomes of pulmonary vein electrical isolation in patients younger than and older than 70 years

Resumen Introducción y objetivos: Comparar las características clínicas y los resultados de cohortes contemporáneas de pacientes menores y mayores de 70 años que han sido sometidos a ablación de fibrilación auricular (FA) mediante catéter. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio de cohortes retrospectivo en pacientes sometidos a ablación con catéter debido a la presencia de FA refractaria. Se realizó un seguimiento mínimo de 12 meses por paciente. Resultados: En el estudio se incluyeron un total de 239 pacientes sometidos a ablación de FA, de los cuales 171 (71,5%) pertenecían al grupo de edad < 70 años y 68 (28,5%) al grupo de edad > 70 años. La edad promedio de la población estudiada fue de 62,4 años (desviación estándar [DE] = 10,87). El grupo < 70 años presentó una edad promedio de 58,03 años (DE = 9,71), mientras que el grupo > 70 años tuvo una edad promedio de 73,4 años (DE = 3,05). Además, se observó una mayor prevalencia de FA paroxística en el grupo de pacientes menores de 70 años, mientras que en el grupo de pacientes mayores de 70 años se encontró una mayor prevalencia de FA persistente. Estas diferencias fueron estadísticamente significativas en ambos casos. Las tasas de recurrencia después del primer procedimiento de ablación fueron similares entre los dos grupos (21,43% en el grupo menor de 70 años frente a 23,53% en el grupo mayor de 70 años, p = 0,79). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en cuanto a complicaciones. El grupo menor de 70 años experimentó 18 complicaciones, mientras que el grupo mayor de 70 años tuvo 5 complicaciones, con un valor de p de 0,472. Conclusión: Los pacientes mayores de 70 años sometidos al primer procedimiento de ablación de FA por catéter presentan resultados clínicos similares a los pacientes menores de 70 años.

Abstract Introduction and objectives: The objective of this study is to compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes of contemporary cohorts of patients undergoing catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF), stratified by age (< 70 years and ≥ 70 years). Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent catheter ablation for refractory AF. The minimum follow-up duration per patient was 12 months. Results: A total of 239 patients were included in the study, with 171 (71.5%) in the < 70 years group and 68 (28.5%) in the ≥ 70 years group. The mean age of the study population was 62.4 years (SD 10.87). The < 70 years group had a mean age of 58.03 years (SD 9.71), while the ≥ 70 years group had a mean age of 73.4 years (SD 3.05). Furthermore, a higher proportion of paroxysmal AF was observed in patients < 70 years, whereas a higher proportion of persistent AF was found in patients ≥ 70 years. These differences were statistically significant. The recurrence rates after the initial ablation procedure were similar between the two groups (21.43% in the < 70 years group vs. 23.53% in the ≥ 70 years group, p = 0.79). Additionally, there were no significant differences in terms of complications. The < 70 years group experienced 18 complications, while the ≥ 70 years group had 5 complications (p = 0.472). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that patients aged 70 years and older who undergo their first catheter ablation procedure for AF demonstrate similar clinical outcomes compared to patients younger than 70 years.

Rechazo de donantes de sangre en un hospital peruano durante la pandemia de la covid-19 / Rejection of blood donors in a Peruvian hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic i: en

Introducción: El SARS-CoV-2 ha tenido un impacto negativo y significativo en los sistemas de salud a nivel mundial, lo cual además amenazó el suministro de sangre necesario para las transfusiones clínicas. Objetivo: Describir las causas del rechazo de donantes de sangre durante la pandemia de covid-19. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, transversal y retrospectivo en una población de donantes que acudió al Banco de Sangre del Hospital Nacional Ramiro Prialé Prialé, de Huancayo, en Perú, de julio del 2020 a igual mes del 2022. Las variables analizadas fueron sexo, grupo sanguíneo ABO, factor Rh y tipos y causas de rechazo. Resultados: Del total de 10 177 donantes de sangre, fueron diferidos y excluidos 3390 (33,3 %); la causa más frecuente de diferimiento fue el hematocrito bajo (18,0 %) y la de exclusión, la positividad por el anticuerpo del núcleo de la hepatitis B (36,8 %). Asimismo, predominó el sexo masculino entre los que fueron rechazados (55,2 %) y se evidenció un incremento de la tendencia politómica en los donantes diferidos (R²=0,2214) y excluidos (R²=0,1178). Conclusiones: La prevalencia de diferimiento y exclusión de donantes de sangre hallada en esta serie fue relativamente alta en comparación con la registrada en otros estudios, lo cual se debió principalmente, en cada caso respectivo, al hematocrito bajo y a la presencia del anticuerpo del núcleo de la hepatitis B.

Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 has had a negative and significant impact on global health systems, threatening the necessary blood supply for clinical transfusions. Objective: To describe the causes of rejection of blood donors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional and retrospective study was carried out in a population of donors who attended the Blood Bank of Ramiro Prialé Prialé National Hospital, in Huancayo, Peru, from July, 2020 to the same month, 2022. The analyzed variables were sex, the ABO blood group, Rh factor and types and causes of rejection. Results: Of total of 10 177 blood donors, 3390 (33.3%) were differed and excluded; the most frequent cause of differing was the low hematocrit (18.0%) and the most frequent cause of exclusion was antibody to hepatitis B core antigen positivity (36.8%). Likewise, male sex predominated among those who were rejected (55.2%) and an increment of the polytomous tendency was evidenced in differed (R²=0.2214) and excluded donors (R²=0.1178). Conclusions: The prevalence of differing and exclusion in blood donors was relatively high compared to that reported in other studies, which was mainly due, in each respective case, to the low hematocrit and the presence of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen.

The importance of deep genotyping in crop breeding / La importancia de la genotipificación profunda en el mejoramiento genético

ABSTRACT One of the greatest challenges facing humanity is the development of sustainable strategies to ensure food availability in response to population growth and climate change. One approach that can contribute to increase food security is to close yield gaps and enhancing genetic gain; to such end, what is known as "molecular breeding" plays a fundamental role. Since a crop breeding program is mainly based on the quality of the germplasm, its detailed genetic characterization is mandatory to ensure the efficient use of genetic resources and accelerating development of superior varieties. Deep genotyping is an essential tool for a comprehensive characterization of the germplasm of interest and, fortunately, the technology is now accessible at a reasonable cost. What must be ensured is the correct interpretation of the genotypic information and on that basis develop efficient practical molecular crop breeding strategies that respond to the real needs of the breeding program.

RESUMEN Uno de los mayores desafíos que enfrenta la humanidad es el desarrollo de estrategias sostenibles para asegurar la disponibilidad de alimentos en respuesta al crecimiento de la población y el cambio climático. Un enfoque que puede contribuir a aumentar la seguridad alimentaria es cerrar las brechas de rendimiento y mejorar la ganancia genética; para tal fin, lo que se conoce como "mejoramiento molecular" juega un papel fundamental. Dado que un programa de mejoramiento de cultivos se basa principalmente en la calidad del germoplasma, su caracterización genética detallada es fundamental para garantizar el uso eficiente de los recursos genéticos y acelerar el desarrollo de variedades superiores. La genotipificación profunda es una herramienta esencial para una caracterización integral del germoplasma de interés y, afortunadamente, en la actualidad se puede acceder a la tecnología a un costo razonable. Lo que debe asegurarse es la interpretación correcta de la información genotípica y sobre esa base desarrollar estrategias eficientes y prácticas de mejoramiento molecular de cultivos que respondan a las necesidades reales del programa de mejoramiento.

¿Cuántos años tienes?, ¿estás casado?, ¿tienes hijos? preguntas irrelevantes y discriminación encubierta en la selección de personal / How old are you? are you married? do you have children? irrelevant questions and covert discrimination in personnel selection / Quantos anos você tem? você é casado? você tem filhos? perguntas irrelevantes e discriminação oculta na seleção de pessoal

La selección de personal ha demostrado ser un procedimiento de incalculable valor para las organizaciones. Sin embargo, en la práctica los empleadores suelen (y prefieren) utilizar los métodos de selección de escaza y cuestionable evidencia. En el contexto boliviano, el uso de preguntas personales relacionadas a la edad, estado civil, sexo, raza, embarazo, entre otros, parece estar bastante extendido. Aunque, la utilidad que justifique su inclusión sigue sin demostrarse. En el presente artículo, analizo la relevancia y el soporte de las preguntas personales en función de su contribución para tres propósitos de la selección de personal: validez para predecir el desempeño laboral, reclutamiento y discriminación. Finalmente, proporciono algunas sugerencias: (1) para mejorar la eficiencia de los procesos de selección, y (2) para enmendar y fortalecer las leyes contra la discriminación en la selección de la legislación laboral boliviana.

The selection of personnel has proven to be an invaluable procedure for organizations. However, in practice employers often (and prefer) to use the selection methods of scarce and questionable evidence. In the Bolivian context, the use of personal questions related to age, marital status, sex, race, pregnancy, among others, seems to be quite widespread. Although the usefulness that justifies its inclusion remains unproven. In this article, I analyze the relevance and support of personal questions based on their contribution to three purposes of personnel selection: validity to predict job performance, recruitment, and discrimination. Finally, I provide some suggestions: (1) to improve the efficiency of the selection processes, and (2) to amend and strengthen the laws against discrimination in the selection of Bolivian labor law.

A seleção de pessoal provou ser um procedimento inestimável para as organizações. No entanto, na prática, os empregadores costumam (e preferem) usar métodos de seleção de evidências escassas e questionáveis. No contexto boliviano, o uso de perguntas pessoais relacionadas à idade, estado civil, sexo, raça, gravidez, entre outros, parece ser bastante difundido. Embora a utilidade que justifique a sua inclusão permaneça não comprovada. Neste artigo, analiso a relevância e o suporte de perguntas pessoais com base em sua contribuição para três propósitos de seleção de pessoal: validade para prever o desempenho no trabalho, recrutamento e discriminação. Finalmente, apresento algumas sugestões: (1) melhorar a eficiência dos processos de seleção e (2) alterar e fortalecer as leis contra a discriminação na seleção da legislação trabalhista boliviana.

Resultados en receptores de trasplante renal de donantes cadavéricos con infección por SARS-CoV-2: Una serie de casos en un centro de trasplante en Colombia / Results in kidney transplant recipients from cadaveric donors with SARS-CoV-2 infection: A case series in a transplant center in Colombia

Introducción. La pandemia por COVID-19 ha causado la muerte de 6,5 millones de personas en el mundo y la donación de órganos se ha visto ampliamente afectada, reflejándose en una disminución importante en el número de trasplantes. Colombia no ha sido ajena a dicha problemática. Ante este desafío, el Instituto Nacional de Salud ha permitido tomar donantes cadavéricos con reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con transcripción reversa (RT-PCR) positiva para Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), sin enfermedad activa. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir una serie de pacientes trasplantados de riñón con donantes cadavéricos con RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 positivo y sus principales desenlaces clínicos. Métodos. Serie de casos de pacientes que fueron llevados a trasplante renal con donante cadavérico con SARS-CoV-2 positivo, sin enfermedad activa, entre mayo y agosto de 2022. Se recolectaron las variables demográficas y clínicas y se evaluó la infección y la mortalidad asociada a SARS-CoV-2 en un mes de seguimiento. Resultados. Un total de 5 receptores de trasplante renal con 5 donantes cadavéricos SARS-CoV-2 positivos fueron evaluados. No se presentó mortalidad ni pérdida del injerto renal. Se registraron dos casos de función retardada del injerto y un caso de rechazo agudo. Ninguno de los pacientes presentó RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 positiva en el seguimiento posterior al trasplante. Conclusión. Con nuestra serie de casos mostramos que el trasplante de riñón proveniente de donante cadavérico con prueba positiva para RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2, sin evidencia de enfermedad COVID-19 activa, es un procedimiento seguro y una estrategia eficaz para aumentar el número de donantes en pandemia

Introduction. Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have caused the death of 6.5 million of people worldwide. The organ donation was extremely affected reflecting in the number of transplants. Colombia has not been immune to this problem. Facing this challenge, the National Institute of Health (Instituto Nacional de Salud, INS) allowed to assign cadaveric donors with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive without COVID-19. We aim to describe a case series of kidney transplant patients with RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 positive cadaveric donors, and their main clinical outcomes. Methods. A case series of five patients who underwent kidney transplantation of cadaveric donors with positive RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 during the study period from May to august of 2022. Demographics and clinical characteristics were collected from the institutional medical records, and we evaluated the mortality and infection associated with SARS-CoV-2. Results. A total of five kidney transplant recipients and five cadaveric donors with positive RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 were described in the present study. There were not mortality reported and none of the patients had graft loss. Two cases of delayed graft function and one case of acute kidney rejection were documented. None of the patients had positive RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 in the follow-up. Conclusion. Our series demonstrated that the kidney transplant of cadaveric donors with positive RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 without clinical evidence of active COVID-19 disease is a safe procedure and an efficient strategy to increase donors during a pandemic

The Significance of the Nucleic Acid Test (NAT) to Prevent Viral Contamination in Musculoskeletal Tissue Transplantation / A importância da realização do teste de ácidos nucleicos (NAT) para a prevenção de contaminação viral nos transplantes de tecidos musculoesqueléticos

Abstract Objective The present study aims to highlight the significance of the nucleic acid test (NAT) for musculoskeletal tissue donation and to compare the sensitivity of this test on the different available platforms. Method The present study is a retrospective survey in a human tissue bank database and an integrative literature review encompassing the last 10 years. The PubMed portal and the SCOPUS, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases were queried for articles. Results We found no specific studies on the use and sensitivity of NAT in braindead tissue donors. The information presented in the present study consists of specific contents intended for the Brazilian Blood Transfusion Network (Hemorrede Transfusional Nacional, in Portuguese) and internal retrospective data from a tissue bank located at a city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Conclusions The NAT is effective in blood samples from living patients. However, since biochemical reactions in braindead patients can be different, specific research, platforms, or both are crucial to tissue banks.

Resumo Objetivo Evidenciar a importância da realização do teste de ácido nucleico (NAT, na sigla em inglês) para doação de tecidos musculoesqueléticos, assim como comparar a sensibilidade deste exame nas diferentes plataformas existentes no mercado. Método Trata-se de um levantamento retrospectivo no banco de dados de um determinado Banco de Tecidos Humanos e de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, operacionalizada nos últimos 10 anos. As buscas de artigos ocorreram no portal PubMed e nas bases de dados SCOPUS, CINAHL e Web of Science. Resultados Não foram encontrados estudos específicos sobre a utilização e a sensibilidade do exame NAT em pacientes doadores de tecidos com morte encefálica (ME), sendo as informações apresentadas no presente estudo conteúdos específicos destinados à Hemorrede Transfusional Nacional e aos dados retrospectivos internos de um Banco de Tecidos do interior do estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Conclusões O exame NAT se apresenta efetivo em amostras de sangue de pacientes vivos. Porém, reações bioquímicas em pacientes com condições de ME podem se apresentar de formas diferenciadas, tornando-se indispensáveis a realização de pesquisas específicas e/ou a indicação de plataformas aos Bancos de Tecidos.

Study on acupoint selection law of acupuncture for autism spectrum disorder based on data mining / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To analyze the acupoint selection law of acupuncture for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using data mining techniques.Methods:Literature related to acupuncture for ASD was retrieved from the CNKI, SinoMed, VIP, Wanfang, and PubMed databases from the establishment of the databases to April 1, 2022, and then a database of acupuncture prescriptions was established. The frequency analysis of acupoint use was performed using Microsoft Excel 2019; the Apriori algorithm was used to analyze the association law of acupoints/acupoint areas; SPSS 26.0 was used to perform intergroup cluster analysis.Results:A total of 97 relevant articles with 97 acupuncture prescriptions and 98 acupoints/acupoint areas were included. The most frequently used acupoint was Shenmen (HT 7). The acupoint area of Jin's three-needle therapy and the Governor Vessel acupoints are commonly used. The most frequently occurring part of the acupoint/acupoint area was the head, and the most commonly used specific acupoint was the rendezvous acupoint. Association rule analysis yielded 40 groups of acupoints/acupoint areas, and the most commonly used combination was Laogong (PC 8) and Shenmen (HT 7). Four categories were extracted among high-frequency acupoints/acupoint areas by cluster analysis.Conclusion:Acupuncture treatment for ASD mainly selects the head acupoints, mainly selecting the acupoint area of Jin's three-needle therapy and the Governor Vessel acupoints, and paying attention to the use of specific acupoints.

Acupoint selection rule of acupuncture therapy for relieving postoperative pain based on data mining / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To analyze the rule of acupoint selection for acupuncture in relieving postoperative pain based on data mining technology.Methods:Articles about acupuncture for postoperative pain were retrieved from CNKI, SinoMed, VIP, Wanfang, PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases from establishment to June 6, 2022. Excel 2019 and SPSS Modeler 18.0 software were used to establish acupoints database and conduct the data analysis.Results:Totally 308 articles were obtained, involving 317 acupuncture prescriptions and 173 acupoints. Acupoints of bladder meridian, stomach meridian, large intestine meridian and spleen meridian were used frequently. Zusanli (ST 36), Hegu (LI 4) and Neiguan (PC 6) were high-frequency acupoints with a frequency of ≥50 times. Five-shu acupoint was often selected in specific acupoints. The common sites for acupuncture to relieve postoperative pain were abdomen, perianal, lumbar back and knee. Zusanli (ST 36), Neiguan (PC 6) and other acupoints were commonly used for abdominal postoperative pain, and the most commonly used combination was "Zusanli (ST 36)-Neiguan (PC 6)"; Chengshan (BL 57), Changqiang (GV 1) and other acupoints were often used for perianal postoperative pain, and "Chengshan (BL 57)-Changqiang (GV 1)" was highly correlated combination; Shenshu (BL 23) and Huantiao (GB 30) were commonly used for postoperative pain in the lumbar and back region, and acupoints with high correlation were "Ashi acupoint-Huantiao (GB 30)" and "Shenshu (BL 23)-Huantiao (GB 30)"; Xuehai (SP10) and Liangqiu (ST 34) were commonly used for postoperative pain of knee, and their compatibility had a high correlation.Conclusion:Acupuncture therapy for relieving postoperative pain often selects Yang meridians acupoints, and follows the principle of distal-proximal points combination and acupoint selection along meridians, and pays attention to the use of specific acupoints.

Construction of a prognostic model for hepatocellular carcinoma based on pyroptosis-related genes / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective: To study the construction of a prognostic model for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs). Methods: HCC patient datasets were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, and a prognostic model was constructed by applying univariate Cox and least absolute shrinkages and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis. According to the median risk score, HCC patients in the TCGA dataset were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, univariate and multivariate Cox analysis, and nomograms were used to evaluate the predictive ability of the prognostic models. Functional enrichment analysis and immune infiltration analysis were performed on differentially expressed genes between the two groups. Finally, two HCC datasets (GSE76427 and GSE54236) from the Gene Expression Omnibus database were used to externally validate the prognostic value of the model. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis or Wilcoxon tests were performed on the data. Results: A total of 366 HCC patients were included after screening the HCC patient dataset obtained from the TCGA database. A prognostic model related to HCC was established using univariate Cox regression analysis, LASSO regression analysis, and seven genes (CASP8, GPX4, GSDME, NLRC4, NLRP6, NOD2, and SCAF11). 366 cases were evenly divided into high-risk and low-risk groups based on the median risk score. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in the survival time between patients in the high-risk and low-risk groups in the TCGA, GSE76427, and GSE54236 datasets (median overall survival time was 1 149 d vs. 2 131 d, 4.8 years vs. 6.3 years, and 20 months vs. 28 months, with P = 0.000 8, 0.034 0, and 0.0018, respectively). ROC curves showed good survival predictive value in both the TCGA dataset and two externally validated datasets. The areas under the ROC curves of 1, 2, and 3 years were 0.719, 0.65, and 0.657, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the risk score of the prognostic model was an independent predictor of overall survival time in HCC patients. The risk model score accurately predicted the survival probability of HCC patients according to the established nomogram. Functional enrichment analysis and immune infiltration analysis showed that the immune status of the high-risk group was significantly decreased. Conclusion: The prognostic model constructed in this study based on seven PRGs accurately predicts the prognosis of HCC patients.

Highlights of human uterus transplantation / 器官移植

As a novel solid organ transplantation, uterus transplantation has become an important approach for women with uterine infertility to obtain biological offspring. Multiple technological challenges exist in uterus transplantation, such as acquisition of vascular pedicle, organ perfusion and vascular suture, etc. However, with the development and application of uterus transplantation in animal model and transplantation in human cadavers, a lot of problems have become new hot topics of discussion, such as the selection of uterus transplantation donors and recipients, selection of uterine vessels, prevention and treatment of complications after uterus transplantation, evaluation of graft vitality, timing of pregnancy and delivery, timing of hysterectomy, mental health of donors and recipients and offspring health, etc. According to current data and outcomes of human uterus transplantation worldwide, these hot topics were reviewed in this article, aiming to provide reference for promoting the development and progress of human uterus transplantation research in China.

Advances in abscisic acid biosynthesis / 生物工程学报

Abscisic acid, a plant hormone that inhibits growth, is a key factor in balancing plant endogenous hormones and regulating growth and metabolism. Abscisic acid can improve the drought resistance and salt tolerance of crops, reduce fruit browning, reduce the incidence rate of malaria and stimulate insulin secretion, so it has a broad application potential in agriculture and medicine. Compared with traditional plant extraction and chemical synthesis, abscisic acid synthesis by microorganisms is an economic and sustainable route. At present, a lot of progress has been made in the synthesis of abscisic acid by natural microorganisms such as Botrytis cinerea and Cercospora rosea, while the research on the synthesis of abscisic acid by engineered microorganisms is rarely reported. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Yarrowia lipolytica and Escherichia coli are common hosts for heterologous synthesis of natural products due to their advantages of clear genetic background, easy operation and friendliness for industrial production. Therefore, the heterologous synthesis of abscisic acid by microorganisms is a more promising production method. The author reviews the research on the heterologous synthesis of abscisic acid by microorganisms from five aspects: selection of chassis cells, screening and expression enhancement of key enzymes, regulation of cofactors, enhancement of precursor supply and promotion of abscisic acid efflux. Finally, the future development direction of this field is prospected.

A non-contact continuous blood pressure measurement method based on video stream / 生物医学工程学杂志

Hypertension is the primary disease that endangers human health. A convenient and accurate blood pressure measurement method can help to prevent the hypertension. This paper proposed a continuous blood pressure measurement method based on facial video signal. Firstly, color distortion filtering and independent component analysis were used to extract the video pulse wave of the region of interest in the facial video signal, and the multi-dimensional feature extraction of the pulse wave was preformed based on the time-frequency domain and physiological principles; Secondly, an integrated feature selection method was designed to extract the universal optimal feature subset; After that, we compared the single person blood pressure measurement models established by Elman neural network based on particle swarm optimization, support vector machine (SVM) and deep belief network; Finally, we used SVM algorithm to build a general blood pressure prediction model, which was compared and evaluated with the real blood pressure value. The experimental results showed that the blood pressure measurement results based on facial video were in good agreement with the standard blood pressure values. Comparing the estimated blood pressure from the video with standard blood pressure value, the mean absolute error (MAE) of systolic blood pressure was 4.9 mm Hg with a standard deviation (STD) of 5.9 mm Hg, and the MAE of diastolic blood pressure was 4.6 mm Hg with a STD of 5.0 mm Hg, which met the AAMI standards. The non-contact blood pressure measurement method based on video stream proposed in this paper can be used for blood pressure measurement.

The rules of acupoint selection of acupuncture and moxibustion for scrofula in ancient times / 中国针灸

Based on data mining technology, the rules of acupoint selection of acupuncture-moxibustion for scrofula in ancient times were analyzed. The relevant articles of acupuncture and moxibustion for scrofula were searched in the Chinese Medical Code, and the original article, acupoint name, acupoint characteristic, and acupoint meridian tropism, etc. were screened and extracted. The Microsoft Excel 2019 was used to establish a acupoint prescription database, and the frequency of acupoints as well as their meridian tropism and characteristics were analyzed. The SPSS21.0 was applied to perform cluster analysis of acupuncture prescriptions; the SPSS Modeler 18.0 was used to perform the association rules analysis of the neck and the chest-armpit acupoints, respectively. As a result, 314 acupuncture prescriptions were extracted, including 236 single-acupoint prescriptions and 78 multiple-acupoints prescriptions (53 for neck and 25 for chest-armpit). A total of 54 acupoints were involved, with a total frequency of 530. The top 3 commonly-used acupoints were Tianjing (TE 10), Zulinqi (GB 41) and Taichong (LR 3); the most commonly-used meridians were hand shaoyang meridian, foot shaoyang meridian, hand yangming meridian and foot yangming meridian; the most commonly-used special acupoints were he-sea points and shu-stream points. The cluster analysis obtained 6 clusters, and the association rule analysis obtained that the core prescriptions of the neck were Quchi (LI 11), Jianyu (LI 15), Tianjing (TE 10) and Jianjing (GB 21), while the core prescriptions of the chest-armpit were Daling (PC 7), Yanglingquan (GB 34), Danzhong (CV 17), Jianjing (GB 21), Waiguan (TE 5), Zhigou (TE 6), Yuanye (GB 22) and Zhangmen (LR 13). The core prescriptions obtained from association rule analysis by difference areas were basically consistent with those by cluster analysis of total prescriptions.